![]() Preoperative mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) may have benefits in pain control for those patients undergoing spine surgery. Furthermore, mindfulness-based therapy has produced a positive effect on pain beliefs and psychological well-being of patients with disk herniation. Interestingly, the implementation of cognitive behavior-based program has produced a reduction of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in nonsurgical and surgical patients. There is a need for interventions that combine strategies based on decreasing symptoms of stress and depression, increasing coping with pain and increasing physical activity, as all of these variables are predictors of improvement. Surgical approaches will be associated with risks of the surgery and may derive in repeated surgeries due to the increase in the stress received by the other segments. The treatments of symptomatic disc degeneration vary from noninvasive (physical therapy, pain medication) to invasive surgical intervention. The subset of symptomatic disc degeneration has affected 403 million new patients every year worldwide. It is incidence in Europe has been estimated in 5.7%. Degenerative disc disease is affecting 266 million patients (3.63%) with low back pain every year. Therefore, there is a need to find cost-effective treatments for these conditions. ![]() In the United States neck and low back pain are the second-leading condition that increased its spending between 19, with $64.4 billion over 18 years. Approximately 41.5% of the population with chronic back pain have HICP, significantly limiting their quality of life. It was estimated that 7.9 million people, 74% of the CPWL population, had chronic (high intensity) back pain, and 19 million people, 63.5% of the CPWL population, had chronic back pain (without limitations). IPCA affected 4.8% of the US adult population, or about 10.6 million people, compared to 13.60%, or about 29.9 million people with chronic pain without limitation (CPWL). Based on the 2011 National Health Interview Survey, the prevalence of HICP can be calculated in US population. HICP incorporates both disability and pain duration. ![]() The aim of the definition is to better identify people with significant levels of interference with life (i.e. To address this problem The US National Pain Strategy proposed the concept of high-impact chronic pain (HICP). There are patients living their lives in a normal way, with limitations, and others who can spend days in bed. Furthermore, there are different degrees of severity. There are individuals that evolve favorably after a few months and other that suffer chronic pain for several months, altering their way of life considerably. The standard definition of chronic pain, defined as pain experienced on most days or every day in the previous 3 months, lacks specificity. Nonspecific pain could account for the 90–95% of cases with back pain, where it has not been possible to clearly identify the structure, the pathology or the real origin of the symptoms.Ĭhronic pain states are often accompanied by affective, emotional and cognitive disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, sleep disorders and cognitive deficits). Identified risk factors of pain chronicity are age, genetic predisposition, sex, previous experience and attitude toward pain. The condition is considered ‘chronic’ when it persists for more than 3 months or when it stays for a longer time than is necessary for the recovery of a tissue lesion. The overall point prevalence mean in the general population is estimated at approximately 7% for cervical pain and 14% for low back pain, with high recurrence rate in both conditions. Back and neck pain present the world’s largest disease burden related to years lived with disability. Chronic low back pain, as indicated by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, represents the fourth overall cause of burden in the age range of 25 to 49 years, the seventh in the age range of 10–24 years, and the sixth in the age range of 50–74 years.
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